The challenge to modeling accurately the filling of sand cores and molds is that the motion of both air and sand is important to the filling behavior
There are several computational approaches to model the filling of cores and molds with sand. All start with basic conservation laws, such as the conservation of mass and momentum, and these equations can be classified broadly as continuous or discrete.
A continuous approach subdivides the domain of interest into a finite number of control volumes. All material entering or leaving each volume is tabulated and the flow fields are solved at various locations within the domain. This is a very natural approach for modeling fluids. A discrete approach subdivides the material of interest into a finite number of control masses. The forces acting on each control mass are tabulated and the motion is solved. This is a very natural approach for modeling particles.
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