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Aleksandr Matveev | Dreamstime
Thiti Tangjitsangiem | Dreamstime
'Availability of new foundry sand is already becoming a challenge, along with the need of providing new solutions to waste management,” according to the director of a metallurgical research center.
Branimir Ritonja | Dreamstime
Automotive cast parts.
Seesea | Dreamstime
Fire photo
Jacek Sopotnicki | Dreamstime
With deoxidized base iron, carbon levels can be increased to 3.30% C and alloying can be completely or nearly eliminated at the same time.
Simone Neuhold / RHI Magnesita
Many refractory products are custom-developed and manufactured for particular applications, and also usually contaminated with material they have absorbed while lining furnaces or ladles, which makes the recycling process a challenge.

OSHA Cites Citation for Safety/Health Violations

Feb. 28, 2008
$60,000 in penalties proposed for Brewton, AL, foundry
The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has proposed penalties totaling $60,000 against Citation Corp. for safety and health violations at its foundry in Brewton, AL. "This employer is failing its employees by not protecting them from overexposure to silica, which can cause silicosis, an irreversible respiratory disease," stated OSHA area director Ken Atha. Silica is a basic element of sand, which is commonly used in foundries for molding, as well as a blast cleaning. Citation produces ductile iron castings for automotive applications. OSHA inspectors cited Citation Corp. for two repeat violations after finding that employees were exposed to excessive levels of silica, and that Citation failed to provide the engineering controls needed to reduce employees' exposure level. Also, the agency found that the company did not conduct annual tests to ensure that employees’ respirators were fitted properly. These violations carry penalties of $50,000. The original violations were cited by OSHA in 2006. Repeat citations are issued when an employer previously has been cited for a substantially similar hazard, and those citations have been ruled final. A serious citation is issued when OSHA determines death or serious physical harm is likely to result from a hazard that the employer knew (or should have known) needs correcting. Citation was cited for three, new serious safety violations that carry proposed penalties of $10,000 for exposing employees to electrical and fall hazards, by not maintaining dry floors, by not ensuring unused electrical openings were effectively closed, and not providing strain relief on electrical cords. The company has 15 business days from receipt of the citations to contest them and the proposed penalties before the independent Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.